TABLE OF CONTENTS
Descriptive Summary of the Collection
Scope and Content of the Collection
Series 1: Wheeler Survey Subject Files, 1980-1995
Series 2: Wheeler Survey Primary Source Files, 1838-1966
Series 3: Wheeler Survey Secondary Source Files, 1933-1989
Series 4: Telegraphic Longitude Subject Files, 1980-1990
Series 5: Telegraphic Longitude Primary Source Files, 1838-1931
Series 6: Telegraphic Longitude Secondary Source Files, 1945-1988
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Inventory of the Robert Karrow Research Papers, 1980-1990
Machine-readable finding aid encoded by Lisa Janssen, 2004. ©2004. |
Descriptive Summary of the Collection |
|
| Creator | Karrow, Robert W. |
| Title | Robert Karrow Research Papers |
| Dates | 1980-1990 |
| Extent | 2 cubic ft. (5 boxes) |
| Abstract | Primarily of photocopies of printed and archival material relating to the U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (1869-1884), its director, George M. Wheeler, other staff of the survey, and to the use of the electric telegraph for longitude determination in the 19th century. Also seminar papers and notes, 1986-1988. |
| Language | Materials are in English. |
| Repository | Newberry Library, Roger and Julie Baskes Department of Special Collections |
| Collection Call Number | Ayer Modern MS Karrow |
| Collection Stack Location | 3 60 5 |
Administrative Information
Cite As
Robert Karrow Research Papers, Midwest Manuscript Collection, The Newberry Library, Chicago.
Provenance
Gift of Robert Karrow, 2004.
Processed by
Robert W. Karrow, 2004
Access
The Robert Karrow Research Papers are open for research in the Special Collections Reading Room; 1 box at a time (Priority III).
Ownership and Literary Rights
The Robert Karrow Research Papers are the physical property of the Newberry Library. Copyright may belong to the authors or their legal heirs or assigns. For permission to publish or reproduce any materials from this collection, contact the Roger and Julie Baskes Department of Special Collections.
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Biography of Robert W. Karrow
Robert William Karrow, Jr. was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 5 August 1945, and educated in the public schools of Hartland, Wisconsin. He received the B.S. degree from the University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee in 1968 and the M.S.L.S. degree from the University of Wisconsin--Madison in 1971. Since July 1971, he has been employed at the Newberry Library, first as Map Cataloger, from 1975 as Curator of Maps, and, from 1989, as Curator of Special Collections. He is the author of Mapmakers of the Sixteenth Century and their Maps (1993) and numerous articles and book reviews. He received the Ph.D. in history from Loyola University of Chicago in 1999 with a dissertation on Intellectual Foundations of the Cartographic Revolution.
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History of the Wheeler Survey
One of four "Great Surveys" of the American West in the nineteenth century, the "U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian" were carried out under the auspices of the Army Corps of Engineers. The Survey grew out of work done by First Lt. George Montague Wheeler (1842-1905) in Nevada in 1869. The following year, Wheeler presented a plan for a uniform topographical survey of that part of the country lying west of the 100th meridian of longitude. The area, some 1,400,000 square miles, would be covered by 95 rectangular sheets each comprising 2° 45' of longitude and 1° 40' of latitude, at a uniform scale of eight miles to one inch (1:506,880). Over the course of eight seasons (1871-1878) the survey managed to map approximately one-quarter of the projected total. Early on it was decided to divide at least some of the sheets into quarters, resulting in maps at a scale of four miles to one inch (1:253,440). In addition, some of the topographic "base maps" were overprinted with colors to show geological formations or land use. With three different series, then, and two different scales, the publication history of Wheeler Survey maps is quite complicated
The Survey relied on annual appropriations from Congress, which began to view with disapproval the fact that four separate federal organizations were involved in western mapping. The others were Ferdinand V. Hayden's "Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories" (under the Interior Department), John Wesley Powell's "Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region" (under the Smithsonian Institution), and Clarence King's "Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel," also under Army auspices. In 1874 the Committee on Public Lands, chaired by Rep. Washington Townsend, held rather contentious hearings on the alleged duplication of effort, and some minor adjustments followed. By 1878, however, the issues came to the fore again and this time Congress invoked the aid of the National Academy of Sciences, who appointed a committee to report on the matter. Following the recommendations of this committee, in the spring of 1879 Congress ended appropriations for the Hayden, Powell, and Wheeler surveys (King had already completed his work the previous year) and established in their place the U. S. Geological Survey. With allocations from the Army, Wheeler devoted another 5 years to publishing maps for which field work had been completed and producing reports, the last of which was published in 1889. Wheeler himself was broken in health and spirit. He resigned his commission in 1889 (he had reached the rank of Major) and went into private practice, dying in New York City in 1905.
Despite its premature demise, the Wheeler Survey could take credit for several important accomplishments. The published maps did provide relatively large-scale and accurate maps for about one-quarter of the target area, with relatively complete coverage for the southwest. The geodetic techniques which the survey had developed by mid-decade were of a high order of accuracy and precision, and they pioneered in the use of the telegraph for longitude determinations. The series of land use maps, though very incomplete, was the first of its kind in this country. Furthermore, the Wheeler Survey employed a number of important topographers and scientists, many of whom went on to distinguished careers; among them James Gardiner, Gilbert Thompson, Louis Nell, G. K. Gilbert, and Timothy O'Sullivan.
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History of Telegraphic Longitude
Beginning in 1845, the U. S. Coast Survey experimented with using the electrical telegraph as a way of transmitting time signals for use in determining the longitude of places. Over the next two decades, the Coast Survey perfected its methods, which became known as the "American system" for communicating time signals. The Wheeler Survey adopted telegraphic methods for determining longitude at its inception in 1869, and continued to refine its methods.
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Scope and Content of the Collection
Included are photocopies of annual reports, correspondence, diaries, contemporary newspaper and periodical accounts of the Wheeler survey, topographical surveys in general, telegraphic longitude, biographical information, photographs, and lists of maps. Also included are published and unpublished secondary literature relating to these topics, manuscript research notes, correspondence, and bibliographical information about primary and secondary sources.
The material was collected by Robert Karrow, the Newberry Library's Curator of Maps, during the course of research for a major article and a planned (but never completed) dissertation in American History. Additional research on telegraphic longitude resulted in a conference paper and a brief published article. Archival research was conducted at several libraries and the National Archives.
Narrative descriptions of the subject matter, types of material, and arrangement of each series are available through the Organization section of the finding aid.
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Organization
Papers are organized in the following series:
- Series 1: Wheeler Survey Subject Files, 1980-1995. Box(es) 1
- Series 2: Wheeler Survey Primary Source Files, 1838-1966. Box(es) 2-3
- Series 3: Wheeler Survey Secondary Source Files, 1933-1989. Box(es) 3
- Series 4: Telegraphic Longitude Subject Files, 1980-1990. Box(es) 3-4
- Series 5: Telegraphic Longitude Primary Source Files, 1838-1931. Box(es) 4
- Series 6: Telegraphic Longitude Secondary Source Files, 1945-1988. Box(es) 4
- Series 7: Seminar Papers and Notes, 1986-1988. Box(es) 5
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Selected Search Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Newberry Library's public catalog. Researchers desiring additional materials on a particular topic should search the catalog using these headings.
Names
- Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (U.S.)
- United States Coast Survey
- Wheeler, George M. (George Montague), 1842-1905
Subjects
- Cartography - United States - History - 19th century
- Humboldt, Alexander von, 1769-1859. Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain
- Longitude - Measurement - History
- Manuscripts, American
- Surveying - United States - History - 18th century
- Telegraph - History
- Topographical surveying - United States - History - 19th century
- West (U.S.) - Surveys - History - 19th century
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Container List
Series 1: Wheeler Survey Subject Files, 1980-1995 |
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| Arranged alphabetically by type of material and subject.. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 1 | 1 | Bibliographical notes on primary sources relating to the Wheeler Survey (incl. archival collections at Arizona Historical Society, Library Company of Philadelphia, National Archives, Nevada Historical Society, Tennessee State Library and Archives, U.S. Military Academy Library, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, and Univ. of Rochester) | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | Bibliographical notes on secondary sources relating to proposed study of the Wheeler Survey | |||||||||
| 1 | 3 | Biographical information and sketches (On Wheeler, Frank Carpenter, Gilbert Thompson, Henry Gannett, John Le Conte, David A. Lyle, William L. Marshall) | |||||||||
| 1 | 4 | Correspondence, 1981-1995 | |||||||||
| 1 | 5 | Illustration ideas (photocopies, mostly of artwork in contemporary sources) | |||||||||
| 1 | 6 | Index maps (maps drawn by Karrow to show sheet layout, published sheets of Wheeler survey) | |||||||||
| 1 | 7 | Knox College (Notes on Frederick Strong collection of Wheeler materials) | |||||||||
| 1 | 8 | Map analysis (measurements comparing Wheeler maps with those of Hayden and USGS, map tracings and plotting sheets) | |||||||||
| 1 | 9 | Notes (Two notebooks (25 cm) and ca. 100 half-sheet pages of notes on Wheeler Survey and western mapping) | |||||||||
| 1 | 10 | Ogden, Utah (notes about Wheeler Survey observatory there) | |||||||||
| 1 | 11 | Outline maps | |||||||||
| 1 | 12 | Outlines (Relating to Karrow's publication and proposed dissertation on the Wheeler Survey) | |||||||||
| 1 | 13 | Photographs (four 8x10 prints from NARS, two 4x5 negs. & contact prints from the Newberry, correspondence and notes re: photographs) | |||||||||
| 1 | 14 | Photography (notes on Timothy O'Sullivan's work for the survey) | |||||||||
Series 2: Wheeler Survey Primary Source Files, 1838-1966 |
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| Arranged alphabetically by title (for anonymous works) and by author | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Geodesy," All the Year Round, 1876 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Geodetic Operations in Algeria", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1873 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Geological Survey", Overland Monthly, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Geological Surveys", Christian Examiner, 1838 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Geological Surveys, their Objects and Utility", Dublin University Magazine, 1855 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Ordnance and Topographical Surveys", Chambers' Journal, 1871 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Personnel of the Indian Peace Commission", Army and Navy Journal, 1867 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Program of the Studies of the Architect and of the Civil Engineer", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1878 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Progress-Report upon Geographical and Geological Explorations...by Lt. George M. Wheeler [review]", Overland Monthly, 1875 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Proposed Reform in our Land and Scientific Surveys", Nation, 1879 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Scientific Surveys", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1875 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "State Geological Survey [California]", Overland Monthly, 1872 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Wheeler's und Nicholson's Kartenwerke...[review]", Petermann's geographische Mitteilungen, 1877 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Whitney's Geological Survey of California", North American Review, 1870 | |||||||||
| 2 | 15 | "Who Shall Direct the National Surveys?" Nation, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Boutelle, C. O. "On a Geodetic Survey of the United States", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1886 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. "Geographical Surveying", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1876, 1878 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. Y. "Government Engineers" Lippincott's Magazine, 1883 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. Y. "Irrigation in California", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1877 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. Y. "The Remuneration of Public Servants", North American Review, 1882 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. Y. Geographical Surveying: Its Uses, Methods, and Results (photocopy of cover, t.p., contemporary reviews), 1878 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. Y. "Poor Pay and No Pensions" International Review, 1883 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Carpenter, Frank D. Y. "Rank and Title", Popular Science Monthly, 1883 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Cooley, L. E. "A Rational Policy of Public Works", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1886 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Cope, Edward D. "The Wheeler Geological Survey of New Mexico for 1874", American Naturalist, 1875 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Derby, George H. (Excerpts from Phoenixiana relating to surveying and mapping) | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Herschel, John. Review of Geodesy, by Col. A. R. Clarke, Nature, 1879-1880 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Holdich, T. H. "Indian Systems of Geographical Map Making", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1880 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Ingersoll, Ernest "Rocky Mountain Cookery", Scribner's Monthly, 1880 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Ingersoll, Ernest "Rocky Mountain Mules", Scribner's Monthly, 1880 | |||||||||
| 2 | 16 | Ingersoll, Ernest "Rocky Mountain Nights", Scribner's Monthly, 1880 | |||||||||
| 2 | 17 | Inyo Independent (photocopies from microfilm and typed transcriptions of letters and articles in this California newspaper) | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Kintner, Charles J. "The Kintner Letters: An Astronomer's Account of the Wheeler Survey in Utah and Idaho", 1966 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Klett, Francis "The Zuni Indians of New Mexico" Popular Science Monthly, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Leeds, Albert R. "State Geological Surveys", Popular Science Monthly, 1873 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Loew, Oscar. "Lieutenant Wheeler's Expedition durch das südliche Californien im Jahre 1875", Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen, 1876 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Loew, Oscar. "Lieutenant Wheeler's Expedition nach Neu-Mexiko und Arizona", Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Loew, Oscar. "Lieutenant Wheeler's zweite Expedition nach Neu- Mexiko und Colorado, 1874", Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen, 1875 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Loew, Oscar. "The Moquis Indians of Arizona", Popular Science Monthly, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Lyle, David A. "The Springs of Southern Nevada", American Naturalist, 1878 | |||||||||
| 2 | 18 | Lyman, Benjamin Smith. "On the Importance of Surveying in Geology", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rideing, William H. Boys in the Mountains (excerpts), 1882 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rideing, William H. "A Trail in the Far Southwest", Harper's, 1876 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rideing, William H. "The Wheeler Expedition in Southern Colorado", Harper's, 1876 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rideing, William H. "The Wheeler Survey in Nevada", Harper's, 1877 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rideing, William H. "With Wheeler in the Sierra", Appleton's Journal, 1877 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rolt-Wheeler, Francis. The Boy with the U. S. Survey (excerpts), 1909 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Rothwell, Richard P. "Topographical Surveys and Keeping Survey Notes", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1875 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Ruffner, E. H. "Western Exploration", Journal of the American Geographical Society, 1874 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Specht, George J. "On Topographical Surveying", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1880 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Stotherd, Capt. "The Application of Photography to Surveying Purposes", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1870 | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Territorial Enterprise (Photocopies from this Virginia City, Nevada newspaper) | |||||||||
| 2 | 19 | Tillman, Samuel E. "First Survey Duty West of the Hundredth Meridian" (Part of unpubl. memoir in Tennessee State Library) | |||||||||
| 2 | 20 | U.S. Congress. Debate over national surveys (report of the Committee on Public Lands, 26 May 1874 [Townsend Committee], articles in the Congressional Record and Congressional Globe) | |||||||||
| 2 | 21 | U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Excerpts from Annual Reports, 1874, 1877, 1880-1885 | |||||||||
| 2 | 22 | U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian. Field notes and computations (photocopies from NARS and Univ. of Nevada, Reno) | |||||||||
| 3 | 23 | U.S. Geological Explorations of the 40th Parallel (King's annual report for year ending 30 June 1874; review of survey publications from North American Review) | |||||||||
| 3 | 24 | U.S. War Dept. Army General Orders no. 62 (on western topographical surveys), 1877 | |||||||||
| 3 | 24 | U.S. War Dept. General orders and circulars relating to mapping and journal keeping, 1873 | |||||||||
| 3 | 24 | U.S. War Dept. "Directions for Keeping the Journal [of a March]" (Revised Regulations for the Army, 1861) | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Vose, George L. "The United States Coast Survey", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1875 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Walker, J. T. "The Survey of India", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1886 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Walling, Henry F. "Co-operation between national and State Governments in Topographical Surveys", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1884 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Walling, Henry F. "Co-ordinate Surveying", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1877 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Walling, Henry F. "Topographic Surveys of States", Van Nostrand's Engineering Magazine, 1886 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Wheeler, George M. "Necessity for a General Staff", Cosmopolitan Magazine, 1898 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Wheeler, George M. "Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian", American Journal of Science & Arts, 1874 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Wheeler, George M. "Western Exploration", Journal of the American Geographical Society, 1874 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Wheeler, George M. Correspondence by and to Wheeler from NARS | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Whitney, J. D. "Geographical and Geological Surveys", North American Review, 1875 | |||||||||
| 3 | 25 | Woodward, Horace B. "How to Make a Geological Map", Popular Science Review, 1873 | |||||||||
Series 3: Wheeler Survey Secondary Source Files, 1933-1989 |
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| Arranged alphabetically by author. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Bartlett, Richard A. John Wesley Powell and the Great Surveys: A Problem in Historiography | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Cardinal, Louis. "Phototopography and its beginnings in Canada", The Archivist, 1987 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Chalfont, W. A. The Story of Inyo (excerpt re: Egan and Hahn Affair 1871), 1933 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Cox, R. C. "The Development of Survey Instrumentation, 1780- 1980" (excerpt), Survey Review, 1986 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Dawdy, Doris Ostrander "The Wyant Diary: An Artist with the Wheeler Survey in Arizona, 1873" | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Dean, Dennis R. "The Influence of Geology on American Literature and Thought" | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Dewing, C. E. "The Wheeler Survey Records: A Study in Archival Anomaly" | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Edney, Matthew H. Politics, Science and Cartography: Nineteenth-Century Government Mapping in the U.S. | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Ehrenberg, Ralph E. Geographical Exploration and Mapping, A Survey of Records in the National Archives, 1973 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Foster, Mike. "Mapping Mountains: A. D. Wilson, Nineteenth- Century Colorado Cartographer", Colorado Heritage, 1988 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Godlewska, Anne, "Geography and Cartography in the Conquests of Egypt and Algeria: A Critical 'Exemplar' Shift" | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Goetzman, William H. The Wheeler Surveys and the Decline of Army Exploration in the West | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Guth, Peter. "Geology and the Wheeler Survey", History of Geology, 1983 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Higham, John. "The reorientation of American Culture in the 1890's", Ch.4 of his Writing American History, 1972 | |||||||||
| 3 | 26 | Irvine, Dallas. "Calendars and Almanacs for the War Years" Sec. K of his Military Operations of the Civil War, (incl info. on time- keeping) | |||||||||
| 3 | 27 | Karrow, Robert W. "George M. Wheeler and the Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian" (Drafts, correspondence relating to published essay) | |||||||||
| 3 | 27 | Karrow, Robert W. "The Wheeler Survey and the Beginnings of a National Topographic Map" (unpublished paper) | |||||||||
| 3 | 28 | Karrow, Robert W. "Western Maps and Western Myths" (Drafts of an unpublished paper) | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Kilpatrick, Terry. "Terra cognita: Mapping Surveys opened the West", National Parks, 1988 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Kline, Ronald. "Construing 'Technology' as 'Applied Science'", Isis, 1995 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Madsen, Brigham D. "The Use of Early Western Newspapers in Historical Research", OCLC Newsletter, 1989 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Mathieson, John. "Geodesy: A Brief Historical Sketch", Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1927 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Mumford, Ian. "Tomorrow the World: Sir Henry James' Map of the World at Ten Miles to an Inch" Unpublished paper, 1985 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | O'Connell, Charles F. The Corps of Engineers and the Rise of Modern Management, 1827-1856 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Smith, Henry Nash. Clarence King, John Wesley Powell, and the Establishment of the United States Geological Survey | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Southard, Rupert B. The Development of U.S. National Mapping Policy | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Wallace, Anthony F. C. "Paradigmatic Processes in Culture Change", Appx. from Rockdale, 1978 | |||||||||
| 3 | 29 | Winkler, J. Fred. Cartographic Records of the U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian...in the National Archives. Photocopy of typescript, 1949 | |||||||||
Series 4: Telegraphic Longitude Subject Files, 1980-1990 |
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| Arranged alphabetically by subject. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 3 | 30 | Bibliographical notes on Telegraphic Longitude | |||||||||
| 3 | 31 | Biographical sketches of A. D. Bache, William C. Bond, George Davidson, Benjamin A. Gould, Charles Sanders Peirce, Truman H. Safford, Sears Cook Walker, Charles Wilkes, and Joseph Winlock (Photocopies from Dict. of Scientific Biog. and other sources) | |||||||||
| 3 | 32 | Correspondence | |||||||||
| 3 | 33 | Maps showing telegraphic longitude connections | |||||||||
| 3 | 34 | Miscellaneous information on telegraphic longitude | |||||||||
| 4 | 35 | Notes (Ca. 100 half-sheet pages of notes on Telegraphic Longitude, arranged alphabetically by subject) | |||||||||
| 4 | 36 | Telegraphic apparatus (Diagrams, descriptions, illustrations) Primary Sources, 1845-1931 | |||||||||
Series 5: Telegraphic Longitude Primary Source Files, 1838-1931 |
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| Arranged alphabetically by title (for anonymous works) and by author. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | " Arizona Telegraph Line", The Telegrapher, 1873 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "An Astronomical Clock [proposed by Chicago City Council]", The Telegrapher, 1869 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Distribution of Time Signals", American Journal of Science, 1881 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Electro-Astronomical Experiments", The Telegrapher, 1869 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Greenwich Mean Time -- The Galvanic Clock", The Telegrapher, 1873 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Longitude of New York City by Magnetic Telegraph", "Littell's Living Age, " 1847 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Review of the Annual Report on the U. S. Coast Survey", American Journal of Science and Arts, 1848 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Review of the Results of the U. S. Coast Survey", American Journal of Science and Arts, 1858 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Speed of Transmission of Electric Signals", The Telegrapher, 1869 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Standard Time -- An Important Application of the Telegraph -- Uniform Time throughout the Country", "The Telegrapher, " 1873 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Telegraph in the Sierra Nevadas", The Telegrapher, 1869 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Telegraphic Longitude at Brussels", American Journal of Science and Arts, 1854 | |||||||||
| 4 | 37 | "Velocity of the Electric Impulse", The Telegrapher, 1869 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Airy, G. E. "On the Method of Observing and Recording Transits, Lately Introduced in America", Royal Astron. Soc., Monthly Notices, 1849-1850 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Bache, A. D. "Credit to Whom Credit is Due" Extract of speech, 1857 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Blondel. "Sur l'application de la télégraphie électrique au perfectionnement de la Carte de France", Academie des Sciences, Comptes-rendus, 1853 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Davidson, George. "Programme for Determination of Difference of Longitude by Telegraph between San Francisco, Cal., and Stations in Nevada" used for Wheeler Survey in Nevada, 1869 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Dean, George W. "Longitude Determination across the the Continent" (excerpt), 1871 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Jolly, H. L. P. "Report on the Geodetic Application of Wireless Telegraphy", 1931 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Le Verrier, U. J. J. "Sur la détermination des longitudes terrestres" Academie des Sciences, Comptes-rendus, 1856 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Lovering, Joseph. "On the Determination of Transatlantic Longitudes by Means of the Telegraphic Cables", 1873 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Lyman, C. S. "Notice of Dr. Gould's Report on the Trans-Atlantic Longitude", 1870 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Morse, Samuel F. B. "Télégraphe électro-magnétique," Academie des Sciences, Comptes-rendus, 1838 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Quetelet, Lambert A. J. "Courants électiques pour la détermination de l'heure", from his Histoire des sciences mathématiques et physiques chez les belges, 1864 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Rock, Miles Extracts from his El Paso, Tex. field notes at NARS & printed report from Rept. of Chief of Engrs., 1880 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Schott, C. A. "The Telegraphic Longitude Net of the United States and its Connection with that of Europe", 1897 | |||||||||
| 4 | 38 | Smith, Edwin. "Telegraphic Longitudes: The Pacific Arcs from San Francisco to Manila, 1903-4 Completing the Circuit of the Earth" Appx. 4, Rept. U.S.C.S., 1904 | |||||||||
| 4 | 39 | U. S. Coast Survey Extract from Annual Rept. dealing with telegraphy and longitude, 1845-1857 | |||||||||
| 4 | 40 | U. S. Coast Survey Extract from Annual Rept. dealing with telegraphy and longitude, 1863-1867, 1870-1872, 1874, 1879- 1880, 1882 | |||||||||
| 4 | 41 | U. S. Engineer Dept. Record of Wheeler Survey time signals, Fort Fred Steele, Wyo. From Annual Report, 1872 | |||||||||
| 4 | 41 | U. S. Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian. Reports on longitude observations from final report of Wheeler Survey, Astronomy vol. (Reports for Hughes, Colo., Labran, Colo., Bozeman, Mont., Salt Lake City and Ogden, Utah) | |||||||||
| 4 | 41 | U. S. War Dept. "Letter from the Secy. of War in Relation to the Want of a Law Affixing a Penalty for Tampering with the Military Telegraph-lines in Arizona", 1874 | |||||||||
| 4 | 41 | Walker, Sears Cook. "Report on the Experience of the Coast Survey in regard to Telegraphic Operations, for Determination of Longitude, " American Journal of Science and Arts, 1850 | |||||||||
| 4 | 41 | Wheeler, O. B. "Difference of Longitude between Detroit, Mich. and Ogden, Utah" Appx. C, Rept. Chief of Engrs., 1874 Secondary sources, 1945-1987 | |||||||||
Series 6: Telegraphic Longitude Secondary Source Files, 1945-1988 |
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| Arranged alphabetically by author. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Du Boff, Richard B. "The Telegraph in Nineteenth-Century America: Technology and Monopoly", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1984 | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Duncombe, Raynor L. "Personal Equation in Astronomy", Popular Astronomy, 1945 | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Ingersoll, Robert C. "The Effect of the Coast Survey on 19th Century American Science", Synthesis, 1975 | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Reingold, Nathan. "Research Possibilities in the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Records", 1958 | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Stephens, Carlene E. "Before Standard Time: Distributing Time in 19th-Century America", 1985 | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Stephens, Carlene E. "The Most Reliable Time: William Bond, the New England Railroads, and time Awareness in 19th-Century America" Draft of paper later published in Technology and Culture 1987 | |||||||||
| 4 | 42 | Stephens, Carlene E. Inventing Standard Time, 1983 | |||||||||
| 4 | 43 | Karrow, Robert W. "Star Time and Telegraph: The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Development of a World-Wide Telegraphic Longitude Network, 1846-1904" (Drafts and correspondence relating to this unpublished paper) | |||||||||
| 4 | 43 | Karrow, Robert W. "Electrical Longitude", Mapline, 1988 | |||||||||
Series 7: Seminar Papers and Notes, 1986-1988 |
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| Papers delivered in seminars on 18th and 19th century land surveying, and discussing the work of geographer Alexander von Humboldt. | |||||||||||
| Arranged chronologically. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | Contents | |||||||||
| 5 | 44 | Karrow, Robert W. "American Land Surveying and the Enlightenment." Draft, with corrections, May 1986 | |||||||||
| 5 | 44 | Karrow, Robert W. "An Enlightened Landscape: Surveying in America, 1750-1800." Final copy, May 1986 | |||||||||
| 5 | 45 | Notebook (25 cm.) on surveying in 18th century America, ca. 1986-1988 | |||||||||
| 5 | 46 | Karrow, Robert W. "Alexander von Humboldt and Mexico," Apr. 1987 | |||||||||
| 5 | 47 | Karrow, Robert W. "Western Maps and Western Myths: The Debate on National Mapping Policy, 1868-1882," May 1988 | |||||||||