Law and Literature in Anglo-Saxon England

Jana K. Schulman, Western Michigan University
Fridays, 2:00-5:00 pm, January 13 - March 17, 2006

The legal texts of Anglo-Saxon England tell us much about the community that produced them; that community produced great literary works as well. We can read legal texts as narratives devised by a particular community to regulate action and interaction within the community. I take the literary narratives as products of that same community, connected to and part of the legal community. After all, stories are the means by which communities tell (or write) their dreams, their myths, their histories, and their legal and social institutions.

Thus, as legal scholars have observed, both literature and law provide texts that define society. Furthermore, they are intimately connected, since "as branches of . . . culture they are subject to the same forces and they react jointly to them" (James Hopkins). Both are forged in a social milieu, and both deal with moral values and human relations. "Literature reflects knowledge about true human nature; law governs societal activity based upon a formulation of true human nature" (Marijane Camilleri).

This seminar will explore legal issues such as feud, marriage and the status of women, and theft. We will read and translate the legal texts that discuss these issues and then see how literary texts incorporate legal elements to create tension and drive the narrative. Some primary texts include laws issued by Æthelberht, Alfred, Edmund, and Canute as well as selections from Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, "Juliana," and "Maxims I." Much has been written on feud in early Germanic societies, less perhaps on women and law, but the secondary sources assigned on these and other issues help clarify the abbreviated language of the legal texts as well as provide background and fuel for discussion.

Primary Texts: Literary

Beowulf
Maxims I
Juliana
"Cynewulf and Cyneheard" and other selections from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Primary Texts: Legal

Laws of the Earliest English Kings. F.L. Attenborough ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922.
The Laws of the Kings of England. A.J. Robertson ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1925.
Textus Roffensis. Peter Sawyer ed. EEMF 7 (1957). [Facsimile of manuscript containing many if not all of the laws of Anglo-Saxon England, at the Newberry]

Secondary Sources

Lisi Oliver, The Beginnings of English Law Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. [Selections assigned as relevant]
Mary Richards. "The Manuscript Contexts of the Old English Laws: Tradition and Innovation." Studies in Earlier Old English Prose. Paul.E. Szarmach ed. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1986.
Dorothy Whitelock, "The Law" The Beginnings of English Society Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1952.
Patrick.Wormald, The Making of English law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. [Selections assigned as relevant]

Course Syllabus



Funds may be available for students and faculty members of Consortium institutions to travel to the Newberry to attend Consortium seminars. For more information, please contact the Center.

All students must register for this course. To register, please call the Center for Renaissance Studies at 312-255-3514 or email renaissance@newberry.org

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